| 1. | | Roger Hood, “Capital Punishment,” britannica.com, Aug 29, 2023 |
| 2. | | Amnesty International, “Death Sentences and Executions 2022,” amnesty.org, May 2023 |
| 3. | | Jonathan Allen, "U.S. to Carry Out 13th and Final Execution under Trump Administration," reuters.com, Jan. 15, 2021 |
| 4. | | Barbara Campbell, "U.S. Executes Dustin Higgs in 13th and Final Execution under Trump Administration," npr.org, Jan. 16, 2021 |
| 5. | | Death Penalty Information Center, "Execution Database," deathpenaltyinfo.org (accessed Jan. 18, 2021) |
| 6. | | Aris Folley, "Federal Government Carries Out 13th and Final Execution under Trump," thehill.com, Jan. 16, 2021 |
| 7. | | Gallup, “Death Penalty,” news.gallup.com (accessed Sep. 18, 2023) |
| 8. | | Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Talion,” britannica.com, Feb. 22, 2011 |
| 9. | | U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, “Leviticus,” bible.usccb.org (accessed Sep. 19, 2023) |
| 10. | | Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Archive, “Retributive Justice,” plato.stanford.edu, June 18, 2014 |
| 11. | | Charles Stimson, “The Death Penalty Is Appropriate,” heritage.org, Dec. 20, 2019 |
| 12. | | Jon'a F. Meyer, “Retributive Justice,” britannica.com, Sep 12, 2014 |
| 13. | | Robert Blecker, “If Not the Parkland Shooter, Who Is the Death Penalty For?,” nytimes.com, Oct. 27, 2022 |
| 14. | | George Brauchler, “Coloradans Should Have the Final Say on the Death Penalty (and I’d Hope They Keep It),” denverpost.com, Mar. 1, 2019 |
| 15. | | Paul Cassell, “In Defense of the Death Penalty,” ndaa.org, Summer 2008 |
| 16. | | Gary Cartwright, “Free to Kill,” texasmonthly.com, Aug. 1992 |
| 17. | | Katherine Burgess, “Their Father Killed Their Mother. Now, the Siblings Disagree on whether He Should Be Executed,” commercialappeal.com, May 8, 2019 |
| 18. | | Meghna Chakrabarti and Brian Hardzinski, “How Murder Victims’ Families Are Responding to Death Penalty Halt in California,” wbur.org, Mar. 20, 2019 |
| 19. | | Jayson Knight, “Central Oklahoma Weeklies | Death Penalty is Justice for Families of Murder Victims,” oag.ok.gov, Oct. 26, 2022 |
| 20. | | Equal Justice Initiative, “Death Penalty,” eji.org (accessed Sep. 20, 2023) |
| 21. | | Center on Wrongful Convictions, “Explore the Issues,” cwc.law.northwestern.edu (accessed Dec. 13, 2023) |
| 22. | | Josh Marcus, “The ‘Stepchild of Lynching’: How the Death Penalty Targets Black People,” independent.co.uk, Oct. 13, 2021 |
| 23. | | Ed Pilkington, “Virginia May Be First in South to Abolish Death Penalty and Abandon ‘Legalized Lynching,’” theguardian.com, Feb. 2, 2021 |
| 24. | | ACLU, “The Death Penalty: Questions and Answers,” aclu.org, April 9, 2007 |
| 25. | | Amnesty International, “Death Penalty Cost,” amnestyusa.org, June 26, 2023 |
| 26. | | Jeffrey Miron, “The Financial Implications of the Death Penalty,” cato.org, July 20, 2023 |
| 27. | | Benjamin Zober, “The Death Penalty Is Immoral. It Is Murder,” thisisreno.com, Sep. 20, 2020 |
| 28. | | Dakin Andone, “Why the Brother of Parkland School Shooting Victim Carmen Schentrup Is against the Death Penalty for Her Killer,” cnn.com, Oct. 10, 2022 |
| 29. | | John Bessler, “A Torturous Practice: Prohibiting the Death Penalty’s Use through a Peremptory Norm of International Law,” blogs.law.ox.ac.uk, May 4, 2023 |
| 30. | | Areesha Lodhi, "What’s Nitrogen Hypoxia? Alabama Carries Out Kenneth Smith’s US Execution," aljazeera.com, Jan. 25, 2024 |